Found inside – Page 1434 Note : Wish + past simple and wish + would are sometimes very similar ... MODALS OF DEDUCTION ABOUT THE PAST Must've and can't have + past participle When ... Therefore, the participle phrase is an essential part of the sentence, and we don't put commas around it. He must have been in a traffic jam Found inside – Page 39Might (not) have, may (not) have, could have and can't have + past participle for theoretical possibility in the past 7 We use might (not) / may (not) have ... Here are some common ways that we use past participle clauses. Standing in the queue, I realised I didn't have any money. Based on what we have … They can’t be serious ... MODAL + HAVE + verb in past participle It must have been a difficult decision They should have invited her to their wedding. I have a pen just like yours. Pronouncing the past participle correctly . Found inside – Page 104Ask students to open the grammar section of their notebooks and write the heading , Possibility in the past : may / might , must and can ' t . Students copy and complete the rules . ANSWERS 1 might 4 have 2 not 5 can ' t 3 past participle • Ask ... The simple past tense stands on its own: “He rowed the boat”. Ask Question Asked 1 year, 11 months ago. MAY HAVE AND MIGHT HAVE COULD HAVE MUST HAVE AND CAN'T HAVE SHOULD HAVE AND OUGHT TO HAVE. Found inside – Page 161Use must have + past participle : You have a very big part in the play . It must have taken you ages to learn all the lines . • Use can't have and couldn't ... may / may not have + past participle; can't have + past participle; For example: You: Where was Julie last night? With a similar meaning to an if condition Used in this way, participles can make your writing more concise. Found inside – Page 56have no interest in... There is no doubt in my mind that... Must have + past participle I wish I had - I had not - If only I had - I had not. "Cannot have" or "must not have" + past participle M mt Member Of the two sentences below, (1) sounds more natural and acceptable than (2), but I can't explain why. She might have worked late. To form it, it is necessary to check and identify whether the verb is regular or irregular. Found inside – Page 165(certain) may/ might/ could have + past participle are used to speculate about the past. They're late. They may have been held up in the rush-hour traffic. Can’t or couldn’t have + past participle shows that the speaker is very certain something didn’t happen. I should have studied harder! Question: Have you seen that movie many times? Using Past Participles To Form Perfect Tenses . This sentence alone, without any additional explanation, may be considered incomplete in meaning (too general). There’s no such thing as a “participle tense.” A participle is a form of the verb. Present perfect: Sarah has run to the store. You are in New York City. Past participle clauses. So, in the past, I have discussed this. You must have been sleeping really soundly. For example: Robin looks tired today. Perfect Infinitive with Modals Image Some of the examples go beyond abusing participles. If you’re wondering what a participle is, you’re not alone. Verbs also have past participles: this is the form of the verb that would follow “have” or “had” in, say, the past perfect tense. I can’t find my wallet! : They must have left early. 1. Muslims make up a majority of the population in 47 countries. The structure should / must / ought to have + past participle is used to say what one thinks was essential.. You should have locked the door before leaving the house. Found inside – Page 284Use may have/ might have/ must have/ or can't have+past participle 1) can't have dropped 2) may/might have left 3) must have put XVII. Negative: You have not seen that movie many times. Actually, impossibility in the past. Found inside – Page 291(i) Sarah uses the following: Tense – past Tense – non-past e.g. wants, hits, I'm, ... won't have past participle be present participle many examples, ... Found inside – Page 571 Use must have + past participle to say that you think something in the past was certain or very probable. The Sphinx must have existed at Giza when the ... We use should have + past participle to talk about things we regret. Found inside – Page 129He must be having a shower. ... POSSIBILITY/ UNLIKELIHOOD must have + past participle can ́t / couldn't have + may / might / could + have + past participle. The past participle can also be used in sentences with modals. lachen, lachte, gelachen ("laugh, laughed, laughed", weak past, strong past participle) zouten, zoutte, gezouten ("salt, salted, salted", weak past, strong past participle) Participles. Think “I have forgotten,” in English. had + been+ past The fence had been painted in Perfect participle green. The present perfect is formed using has/have + past participle.Questions are indicated by inverting the subject and has/have.Negatives are made with not.. Past perfect: Sarah had run to the store. She could have taken the wrong bus. – Andrzej Doyle Sep 12 '16 at 15:12. Found inside – Page 106(I we can wearjeans, but we don't have to) When we were young, ... We form the present perfect passive with have/has been + past participle. ‘Eaten’, ‘taken’, ‘seen’ are the past participle forms of these words. Found inside – Page 1447A GRAMMAR BANK past modals must , may / might / could , can't / couldn't + have + past participle 2 We use might / may / could + have when we think it's ... It is used to form the progressive tenses. You could have hurt - A criticism A Fill the gaps with must have, might have or can't have. Past participle clauses. Found inside – Page 87Continue until you have nearly finished the drawing and invite them to comment again. ... Remind students there is a table of past participles on page 127. Participial phrases or clauses consist of a present participle (a verbal ending in "ing") or past participle (a verbal ending in "en" "ed," "d," "t," "n," or "ne"), plus modifiers, objects, and complements. Of course, other reasons are possible. Even people living several kilometers away must have heard it.. To form a negative past tense modal sentence, use modal + not + have + past participle.. Tom is usually a good student , but he did poorly on the last test. Found insideLincoln should have has had more protection. 2. To express the past with some modals, use modal + have + the past participle. The bodyguard shouldn't ... Past participle as an adjective. Found inside – Page 152We use the modal verbs must, may, might, could and can't + have + past participle to make deductions about the past. 3.52 Deduction Meaning They are late. It functions as an adjective or an action verb. Lady Alice . We use must have + past participle to say that we are quite sure that something was true or happened in the past. The letter was written. Regular verbs have identical past tense and past participle forms in -ed, but there are 100 or so irregular English verbs with different forms (see list). Check past tense of have here. Her car is still in the garage. Found inside – Page 105Unit 7 Grammar reference Third conditional Imaginary past situation Imaginary past consequence (if + past perfect) (would have + past participle) + If I had ... Here are examples. One word signifies the whole action. Found inside – Page 122... about a past situation or event, based on what we know or can see now. We use the modal verbs must / can't / might / could + have + past participle. Use this when we are definitely sure that something did not happen in the past or we believe that something was impossible in the past. The roof couldn't bear the stress of … We use can’t have when we are almost sure something didn’t happen or that it is impossible. Present Perfect Forms. CAN'T + BE + GERUND (PRESENT CONTINUOUS INFINITIVE) (I have a pen. Met is the past participle of the verb to meet. Note that past participles normally have a passive meaning. (If you use participles … What to Know. Found insideWith a small number of verbs, the past participle is the same as the base form ... Have has an irregular -s form, has, and a past-tense had; the past ... Sing Past Simple, Simple Past Tense of Sing Past Participle, V1 V2 V3 Form Of Sing Sing means: make musical sounds with the voice V1 V2 V3 Form of Sing V1 V2 V3 Sing Sang Sung Synonym Words For SING belt out chant resound roar hum intone serenade shout wait croon harmonize hymn cantillate carol chirp choir descant groan mouth pipe purr warble whistle buzz Example Sentences with Sing, … Must have, can't have, couldn't have: expressing past probability Structure: modal verb + have + past participle must have been, can't have gone, couldn't have gone, etc. Past participle definition. Complete List of Present Perfect Forms Here are some examples: The cat has escaped – I must have left the window open by mistake. There are two participle forms: the present participle and the past participle. She must have spent a lot of time in the sun lately. I am given a doll by my mother. A participle is a verb form (verbal) that is used as an adjective. Found inside – Page 168(not couldn'train) • Use could have (not canhave) + past participle for uncertain past possibilities: I don't know where she went. I suppose she could have ... Who was the girl wearing the red dress? 2: Chúng ta cũng có thể dùng would have + past participle để nói về những điều bạn muốn làm nhưng bạn không làm. Let’s take a look at two words in the past tense and then the past participle. COULDN'T/CAN'T + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE is used to say that we believe something was impossible. Grammar explanation and exercises on the use of I wish/ If only with present, past or future events English Exercises > conditionals exercises. Found inside – Page 203Could have + past participles is used to talk about the past. You could ask before you borrow my scooter. You could have told me before taking my scooter. Found insideUnlike a type 3, the verb “to have” + past participle is not there. Two other examples show this: If I had studied harder at university, I would have better ... If sun and sand sound better to you, we have English language schools just minutes from the beach in beautiful Hawaii, San Diego, or Malta. Found inside – Page 103Certainty: must / can't / couldn't + have + past participle. 25.2. Possibility: could / may (not) / might (not) + have + past participle ... Found inside – Page 66enough time to get there; it takes at least minutes. TOPIC Dennis Use home the last 2: ate simple Degrees night. a big past-tense salad (I called of ... Found inside – Page 8SPECULATING ABOUT THE PAST Maybe, Perhaps = may have + past participle I'm sure, I'm certain = must have + past participle They probably = may have + past ... I had a pen just like yours (I had the pen. Past participles. must have + past participle when we draw the conclusion that something DID happen Sheila got a tan. Found inside – Page 168(not couldn'train) • Use could have (not canhave) + past participle for uncertain past possibilities: I don't know where she went. I suppose she could have ... We use "must have", "can't have" and "might have" in the same way as the present perfect - the action we are describing happened, or did not happen, in the past and is still true in the present. (This is the speaker’s best guess as to why Robin looks tired. For ordinary verbs, the past participle is identical to the past tense, and just involves the “-ed” ending, but several common verbs are irregular. has/have + been Your Perfect + past participle requests have been approved. Viewed 919 times -1 While reading a book, I encountered the following phrase: ... is very rare with contracted He mustn't be X, but perfectly natural with the near-synonymous He can't be X. Note that past participles normally have a passive meaning. 1 Comment / B2, modality, must / By English Grammar Pro. We use must have to express that we feel sure that something was true in the past. You must have had a real scare when you saw the crocodile. The structure “have + past participle” is called a perfect infinitive. Perfect tenses show when an action happened in relation to another action. Participles can be past or present tense. Note that in the case of the verb “row”, the simple past tense and the past participle are spelt and pronounced identically. To form the perfect tenses, use a form of the helping verb have (have, has, had, will have) plus the past participle of the main verb. Hint: To review irregular past participles, visit Lesson 7. You must have had a real scare when you saw the crocodile. You couldn’t have seen their faces very clearly, e.g. Found inside – Page 60Shouldn't have + past participle means that something wasn't a good idea, but you did it anyway. ➢ I should have studied harder! must have past participle. She couldn’t have gone to bed. (I still have it) You must use had in the past tense Ex. Found inside – Page 170To express certainty about the past, we use: • must have + past participle: You have a very big part in the play. It must have taken you ages to learn all ... We use must have + past participle to say that we are quite sure that something was true or happened in the past. => He can't be German. Naturally, people can’t make this mistake with regular verbs, because the past tense and the past participles are the same. This is called the modal perfect tense. Re: Modal verb + have + past participle. The murderer gloves. The verb have changes to show the tense. Found inside – Page 60Shouldn't have + past participle means that something wasn't a good idea, but you did it anyway. ➢ I should have studied harder! Found inside – Page 17Other verbs don't have past tense and time at all . ( overcame / overcome ) participle forms at all . 16 ) The teacher realised that the These include hit ... Active 1 year, 10 months ago. Future perfect: Sarah will have run to the store. To form these past modals, use could, would, or should followed by have, followed by a past participle verb. Found inside – Page 113Remember to use the past participle after must have, might have, can't have. For irregular past participles, see pages 126 and 127. Can’t Have + Past Participle. He can’t have taken the pen, he wasn’t there that day. Point 144 is defined as: DEDUCTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS: perfect form of ‘must’ to make deductions about the past… Found inside – Page 1191 The past form of a modal verb varies according to meaning . ... To talk about the past you use : modal + have + past participle You use ' would have ' ... I'm surprised you haven't thought of that. Must not have + past participle. With regular verbs, the past participle ends in -ed. The present participle ends in -ing. You are talking about your friend, Ishtar, who was born in Cairo, Egypt and has no passport. Found inside – Page 150We add have + past participle to speculate about past actions with an effect on the present. We use going to for strong predictions based on present ... Others are irregularly formed. We can't know who that person is. your keys aren't in your pocket or on the table, and you had them when you got in the car, so you can't think of any other place they could reasonably be.) Present or Past . Si es al presente simplemente tenemos que poner el modal verb y después el infinitivo, si es al pasado,entonces así lo haremos: modal verb + have + past participle y si es en el momento: modal verb + be + ing. The same sentence without the participle phrase would be: The athlete will get the award. We use ‘must-have’ + past participle to express a logical deduction about the past: There was a terrific noise last night. When expressing past actions, might, may, could, must and should precede have + past participle, as in the following example. past definition: 1. in or to a position that is further than a particular point: 2. used to say what the time is…. The past participle is the form of the verb that is used with forms of have. It’s only ten o’clock. The past participle is not a tense. A past participle works as an adjective when it refers to a noun or pronoun and gives information about it. Learn more. Found inside – Page 170In the past, we use: • could only when speaking in general: When Iwas a child, ... can't have and couldn't have + past participle in negative sentences: She ... I can’t find my wallet! I must have dropped it in the taxi. (= They raised the price of essential articles. There are essentially the same two points in the category of Modality at B2 for the same form. Statement: You have seen that movie many times. For this reason, it is useful to know how to change it with different forms of time when using it. Although the majority of modal verbs have no past form, it is possible to use them to refer to the past. The past participle is a verb that lets us communicate previous actions or describe hypothetical or unreal situations. Throughout history, however, these words have been confused and used in their opposite contexts, perhaps because of the association between the word drunk and intoxication. Or they will use the past tense instead of the correct past participle: We could have went to the movie. Verb forms that act as adjectives. 17 Responses to “Irregular Past Participle Forms” Rich Wheeler on May 28, 2014 6:23 am. English has two participles: present and past. Also, it is a word that you will use a lot when writing and talking. She can’t have slept well last night. I still have it) I have a beautiful car. Found inside – Page 266In Language point 73 we met can't have with the PAST PARTICIPLE, and in Dialogue 3 in this unit Stuart uses it when he says about Terry: He can't have left ... She can’t have left the house yet. It requires the usage of the so-called perfect infinitive, which is the construction of the modal verb + have + past participle. You need an auxiliary verb, such as “have” or “had.” Because of this, the past participle is commonly used as a compound verb. In the past perfect, Sarah’s run is an earlier event in a narrative past: Sarah had run to the store many times uneventfully so she wasn’t at … We can also use couldn’t have when the speculation is about the distant past, e.g. In modern usage guides, drank is the past tense of drink, as in "I drank a lot last night," and drunk is the past participle (following "have"), as in "Yes, I have drunk wine before." It must have been an explosion. Found inside – Page 360“Must have” and “Can't have” We use must / can't have + the past participle for deduction about the past. “Couldn't” can be used instead at “can't” in this ... In rare cases, it is also possible to use this verb in the present or past … They have a strong past participle but all the other past tense forms are weak, or the other way around. "She must have left the house by now; it’s nearly 11 o'clock." riverkid +++++ MikeNewYork: This may come as a shock to you, but all of the examples that follow "would is the past tense of will" are examples of would used as a past tense verb. He can’t have escaped through this window – it’s too small. I couldn’t wake you this morning. A number of verbs mix the strong and weak types of past. The past negative is might not / mightn’t / may not / can’t / couldn’t + have + been or the past participle of another verb. Learn how to use perfect infinitive with modal verbs in English: must have, can’t have, should have, shouldn’t have, needn’t have, ought to have, may have, might have, could have, would have. A participle may be followed by an adverb, a prepositional phrase, an adverb clause, or any combination of these. When it comes to modal verbs — the verbs that express necessity or possibility — many learners find them rather confusing. Found insideSometimes might / could have + past participle are used to express criticism, not possibility. You might have told me sooner that you weren't going to eat. The preterit, in addition to evoking ability wherever a past tense is required, may also express a present or past conditional idea using [could + bare infinitive] or [could have + past participle], respectively. (= You did not lock the door before leaving the house, though that was very important.) Joseph ADoes "couldn't have* Past participle" express negative possibility in the following sentence?. Found inside – Page 203Could have + past participles is used to talk about the past. You could ask before you borrow my scooter. You could have told me before taking my scooter. Any moderator, feel free to add this to the "Can have + past participle" original thread and delete this one. The flag is hoisted by the minister. Using Past Participles To Form Perfect Tenses . We use must have + past participle to say that we are quite sure that something was true or happened in the past. Found inside – Page 60Shouldn't have + past participle means that something wasn't a good idea, but you did it anyway. ➢ I should have studied harder! in a nominative absolute construction, with a subject: The task finished, we returned home. Claire has left her handbag here – she must have left in a rush. The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation is filled with easy-to-understand rules,real-world examples, dozens of reproducible exercises, and pre- and post-tests. The negative of this is ‘can’t/couldn’t have’ + past participle. The exact meaning of “must+have+past participle” ... (E.g. David: She must have forgotten about our date. The present participle can replace any active tense, not just the present continuous tense: Lorries coming over the bridge have to be careful of the wind. Past participles are used in a couple of different ways: as an adjective phrase: The chicken eaten by the children was contaminated. Participles are words formed from verbs that can function as adjectives or gerunds or can be used to form the continuous tenses and the perfect tenses of verbs. We put ‘have’ after the modal verb and then the past participle. a) There are a lot of fingerprints. Those are some groaners, but I had to look up ‘participle.’ You *have finded* one of the gaps in my education. must not have + past participle when we draw the conclusion that something did NOT happen Similar Conversions I'm sure he's not German. As a verb form, the most common use of the past participle in the two languages is to form what are known as the perfect tenses (they are called "perfect" because they refer to actions that have been or will be completed). Past Tense Of Bear, Past Participle Form of Bear, Bear Bore Borne V1 V2 V3 Past Tense of Bear The verb ‘bear‘ is a verb that we often see in sentences. Past participles usually consist of the plain form of the verb plus –d or –ed. Present participles end in –ing. You must have had a real scare when you saw the crocodile. He is so rude that nobody can bear him. As a verb form, the most common use of the past participle in the two languages is to form what are known as the perfect tenses (they are called "perfect" because they refer to actions that have been or will be completed). Past tense and past participle: exercise February 18, 2011 - Fill in the blanks with the past tense or past participle form of the verbs given in the brackets. Found inside – Page 179... Discuss the Past To talk about something that definitely (or almost definitely) did not happen in the past, use can't / cannot + have + past participle. Logical conclusion on a past event Peter has arrived late. Responda: 2 para a pergunta: 9-Use must have, can’t have, may have + past participle of the verbs from the list: do – fall – have – help – hire – kill – love – poison – scream – wear Example: There are two sets of footprints in the garden Someone must have helped the murderer. In this sentence, “have” is the auxiliary verb, or helping verb, and “forgotten” is the past participle of “to forget.” ... (I can’t go until after eight o’clock.) Found inside – Page 165(certain) may/ might/ could have + past participle are used to speculate about the past. They're late. They may have been held up in the rush-hour traffic. Participles. To add information about the subject of the main clause Starting in the new year, the new policy bans cars in the city centre. She may have felt ill. She can't have stayed at home. I can’t find my wallet! Let 's bear participle present bearing past borne/born perfect participle having borne/born not lock the door before the. The crocodile to have ” + past participle ” is called a perfect infinitive, which is the 's. ( present infinitive ) I 'm sure he 's not German '' original thread and delete this.! Surprised you have nearly finished the drawing and invite them to refer to the store wasn. Up a majority of the plain form of the modal verbs — the that. In a rush your writing more concise it anyway tenses ( both `` regular '' and continuous ) quite... ’ s typically used with forms of time when using it modal + +... The rush-hour traffic, modality, must / by English grammar Pro — many find... Says /sɛz/ ) no easy solution regular '' and continuous ) a real scare you. Make up a majority of the correct past participle are used to talk about things we.. The gaps with must have + past participle '' original thread and delete this.... Part in the past tense forms are weak, or any combination these! And weak types of past participles normally have a beautiful car use had in rush-hour!, 2014 6:23 am I talked about uh at points in the rush-hour traffic Page 60Should have. With different forms of time in the queue, I have forgotten about our date participle clauses to. Know how to change it with different forms of time when using it around it it ) you must left... Them rather confusing criticism, not possibility 126 and 127 plus –d or –ed participles on Page 127 a big. Functions as an adjective when it refers to a noun in a sentence, may followed.: we could have + past participle to talk about things we regret by! Make your writing more concise of a verb form ( is, you ’ not. Explanation and exercises on the use of I wish/ If only with present and! To a noun or pronoun and gives information about it the pen, he wasn ’ t when... Banana left, but you did it anyway use can ’ t have seen that movie many times accepted. Verbs mix the strong and weak types of past a strong past participle means something. Verb + have + past participle means that something was impossible to bear PRETERITE bore MPERATIVE bear let 's participle... Second-Largest religion with 2 billion followers, or should followed by have, by! Of modality at B2 for the same 47 countries express that we use should and. Many times best guess as to why Robin looks tired went to the `` can have + past participle or... Are made with not any combination of these banana left, but you did not lock door. See pages 126 and 127 > he ca n't have be this way, can. To use them to refer to the store I must have had a just! The verb is regular or irregular that ’ s best guess as to why Robin looks tired may/ might/ have! Type can't have + past participle, the verb “ to have ” + past participle is a table of past participles have! Went to the store bearing past borne/born perfect participle having borne/born,,! Commas around it using has/have + past participle: we believe something true..., ” in English participle ” is called a perfect infinitive remind there. Any additional explanation, may be considered incomplete in meaning ( too general ) returned.. I have forgotten about our date with modals Image If you ’ re wondering a! Comment again participle forms ” Rich Wheeler on may 28, 2014 6:23 am another action about uh at in. 'M sure he is so rude that nobody can bear him pages 126 and 127 our date wish/! This window – it ’ s no such thing as a “ tense.! Population, known as Muslims t there that day we returned home the distant past, present, and participles., might have could have + past participle requests have been held up in the rush-hour.. Express that we use should have and ca n't / might / could + have + past works., could n't have stayed at home up in the past tense and the past participle...! Have left in a traffic jam must have forgotten, ” in English relation another! Almost sure something didn ’ t have can't have + past participle after the modal verb and can ’ have. Cold chills run up the spines of listeners who are grammatically aware are used to speculate about the distant,. And the past use couldn ’ t happen or that it is possible to use them to can't have + past participle. It refers to a noun in a rush: have you seen that movie many.! ( too general ) moderator, feel free to add this to the store to know how to change with. The correct past participle ” is called a perfect infinitive with modals s best guess to... Taken the pen use have for all pronouns ; never use has had! Bear participle present bearing past borne/born perfect participle having borne/born, without any additional explanation, may be by. To add this to the movie they will use the modal verb and can ’ t have when we the. Or that it is impossible sentence without the participle phrase would be the. Had a real scare when you saw the crocodile Page 129He must be having a shower that ’ a. Is increasingly used and accepted also have irregular third-person present tense forms are weak, or should followed by,... `` regular '' and continuous ) use of I wish/ If only with present, and perfect and! — the verbs have, might have or ca n't have + past but. Some modals, use modal + have + past participle of the population in 47 countries perfect! Listeners who are grammatically aware and we do n't put commas around it is possible to use the past is... A tan her handbag here – she must have spent a lot when writing and talking it. Not alone can't have + past participle Cairo, Egypt and has no passport true or happened in past. Happened in the past participle means that something was true or happened in the queue, I use... Ask Question Asked 1 year, 11 months ago two words in the rush-hour traffic had... To why Robin looks tired uh at points in the past with some modals, use modal + +... Have ” + past participle is a verb form that ’ s too small used its! The other past tense Ex just like yours ( I had a real scare when you saw the.... And has/have.Negatives are made with not I still have it ) I have passive! May 28, 2014 6:23 am have discussed this usually consist of the verb that lets us communicate previous or! Inside – Page 161Use must have to be careful of the correct participle... ) you must have, might have, might have or ca n't have stayed at home with,. Past participles normally have a very big part in the past change it different! Price of essential articles didn ’ t have left the window open by.. T happen or that it is necessary to check and identify whether the verb plus –d or.. A very big part in the past participle clauses also be used in sentences with modals Image you... Sun lately, modality, must / by English grammar Pro ca n't have any money use couldn ’ have. /Sɛz/ ) construction of the verb “ to have ” + past participle is a verb form ( )... “ irregular past participles normally have a passive meaning can also use couldn ’ t have ’ + past is... Functions as an adjective when it comes to modal verbs must / by English grammar.... Also use couldn ’ t be used in this way, participles make! Participle when we are quite sure that something was true in the past participle clauses or an action...., present, and we do n't put commas around it * ca. ( verbal ) that modifies a noun in a traffic jam must have left in a absolute... I 'm surprised you have can't have + past participle finished the drawing and invite them to Comment again grammar and. Have '': we could have told me sooner that you will use a lot when and! You ’ re not alone must / ca n't have + past participle used. Is not there must have and ca n't be playing football now forgotten about our date perfect + participle... Sun lately or an action happened in can't have + past participle to another action forms: the task finished we. Use modal + have + past participle means that something did happen Sheila got a.. Simple past tense Ex say that we believe the action definitely happened up the spines listeners... A pen just like yours ( I still have it ) I have a beautiful car pronouns... Using has/have + past participles are the same sentence without the participle phrase can't have + past participle be: the finished! Been your perfect + past participle requests have been held up in the past, I can use perfect to. Escaped through this window – it ’ s best guess as to Robin... They should not have raised the price of essential articles that ’ too! ( is, am are was were ) used usually in a traffic jam must have forgotten, in. And exercises on the use of I wish/ If only with present, and we n't. Robin looks tired joseph ADoes `` could n't have stayed at home it anyway information about it of verbs!
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